When people say “possum,” they often mean one of two very different animals: the opossum, found in North America, or the possum, native to Australia and surrounding regions. Although they share a name and a few similarities, these creatures are not closely related. Understanding this difference is the first step in appreciating these misunderstood animals.
Opossum vs. Possum: The Key Difference
Many Americans call the North American Virginia opossum simply “possum,” but scientifically speaking, that’s not entirely accurate.
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Opossums (Didelphidae family) live in North, Central, and South America. They are marsupials—the only ones found naturally in the U.S.
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Possums (Phalangeridae family) live in Australia, New Guinea, and nearby islands. They are also marsupials, but very different in appearance, behavior, and ecological role.
So, depending on where you are in the world, “possum” may refer to a completely different species.
What Does a North American Opossum Look Like?
The Virginia opossum has a long pointed face, round dark eyes, a pink nose, and a hairless prehensile tail used for grip. Its fur is typically a mix of white and gray, giving it a rugged, ghostly appearance. Weighing between 4–14 pounds, they are about the size of a small dog.
Unique Traits
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Playing dead (“playing possum”) is an involuntary defense behavior where the animal collapses, drools, and emits a foul scent to deter predators.
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Immunity to snake venom: They can survive bites from several venomous snakes.
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High parasite resistance: Opossums groom frequently, reducing ticks and helping control pest populations.
What About Australian Possums?
Australian possums are cuter, fluffier, and far more diverse. Common species include the brushtail possum and ringtail possum. Unlike opossums, they have furry tails, rounded bodies, and bright eyes that give them an almost teddy bear–like appearance.
Australian Possum Highlights
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Arboreal (tree-dwelling)
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Primarily herbivores
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Known for bonding with their young carried in pouches
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Common in suburban areas, where they coexist alongside humans
Are They Dangerous?
Despite their reputation, possums and opossums rarely pose danger to humans. They prefer to avoid conflict and rely on bluffing or freezing when frightened. They typically display aggression only when cornered.
Why They’re Actually Helpful
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Eat harmful insects and rodents
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Reduce tick populations
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Help clean up waste and carrion
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Contribute to seed dispersal and ecosystem balance
These animals serve as natural pest control, making them beneficial neighbors.
How Possums Behave at Night
Both possums and opossums are nocturnal, meaning they are active after dark. Their nighttime routines usually include:
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Searching for food
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Grooming
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Caring for young
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Exploring territory
You may spot them near trash bins, gardens, or trees—always on quiet, cautious missions.
What Do Possums Eat?
Possums and opossums are opportunistic omnivores. Their diets include:
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Fruits
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Vegetables
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Insects
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Small rodents
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Eggs
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Carrion
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Pet food left outdoors
Their ability to eat a wide range of foods helps them survive in urban and rural areas.
Why Possums Matter in Modern Ecosystems
With habitat loss increasing worldwide, possums and opossums play a vital role in keeping ecosystems stable. They regulate insect populations, clean up roadkill, and support plant life through seed dispersal.
Encouraging safe coexistence—such as securing garbage cans or reducing yard hazards—helps protect these important species.
Common Myths About Possums (and the Truth)
Myth 1: Possums are aggressive.
Fact: They rarely fight and choose escape or “playing dead” instead.
Myth 2: They are dirty animals.
Fact: They groom themselves meticulously, much like cats.
Myth 3: Possums spread rabies easily.
Fact: Their low body temperature makes rabies extremely rare in opossums.
Understanding these myths helps reduce unnecessary fear and promotes wildlife appreciation.
Can You Keep a Possum as a Pet?
Generally, no. Most regions prohibit possum or opossum ownership without special permits. They are wild animals with complex needs and should remain in their natural habitats.
If you find an injured possum, contact a licensed wildlife rehabilitator.
A Misunderstood Wildlife Neighbor
Possums and opossums are resilient, fascinating creatures that play an essential role in nature. Whether you encounter the ghostly North American opossum or the cute Australian possum, both deserve respect and understanding.
These nighttime visitors remind us that the world’s ecosystems rely on every species—big or small—to function smoothly.
