A Historical Overview
Ollantaytambo’s history dates back to the mid-15th century when it was conquered and rebuilt by the Inca Emperor Pachacuti. The town served as a royal estate and a ceremonial center, providing lodging for the Inca nobility. The terraces surrounding the town were farmed by the emperor’s retainers, known as yanakuna.
During the Spanish conquest of Peru, Ollantaytambo served as a stronghold for Manco Inca Yupanqui, the leader of the Inca resistance. In 1536, he successfully defended the town against Spanish invaders in the Battle of Ollantaytambo.
Architectural Marvels
Ollantaytambo is renowned for its Inca ruins, which include terraces, storehouses, quarries, and defenses. The town itself is divided into canchas, blocks of houses built around a central courtyard. The houses are typically made of finely cut and fitted stones, a hallmark of Inca architecture.
The Temple Hill, a terraced hillside at the western end of the town, is one of the most impressive structures in Ollantaytambo. It features a series of terraces and a large, unfinished temple at the top.
A Living Inca City
What sets Ollantaytambo apart from other archaeological sites is that it is still inhabited. The town has retained its original Inca urban planning layout, with narrow cobblestone streets and adobe buildings. Many of the old houses are built on top of Inca foundations.
Today, Ollantaytambo is a thriving community, with a bustling market and a vibrant local culture. It is also a popular tourist destination, serving as a starting point for the Inca Trail.
Conclusion
Ollantaytambo offers a unique opportunity to step back in time and experience the living history of the Inca civilization. Whether you’re exploring the ancient ruins or wandering through the town’s narrow streets, a visit to Ollantaytambo is a journey into the heart of Peru’s rich cultural heritage.